Head and Neck Cancer is the term used to describe a variety of malignant tumours which develop in the mouth (Oral Cavity), throat (Pharynx), voice box (Larynx), salivary glands and the nose and sinuses. Traditionally most patients suffering from head-neck cancer are heavy smokers or drinkers. Over the past decade, however, there has been a dramatic increase of throat cancer due to the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV).
Approximately 80% of neck lumps in adults are cancerous (malignant), while 20% are non-cancerous (benign). The opposite is true in children, where 80% of lumps are benign and 20% are malignant. Cancerous lumps or tumours tend to be painless and enlarge progressively.
What are the symptoms of Cancerous (malignant) lumps?
Swallowing difficulty
Issues with swallowing can be due to multiple causes but an ENT Specialist should be consulted to review any new swallowing problems that do not resolve. Associated symptoms such as weight loss, hoarseness, neck lump, painful swallowing or ear pain should raise the concern of a possible malignant (cancer) cause and should be investigated urgently.
Salivary gland disease
The parotid and sub-mandibular glands are part of the salivary gland system and can be affected by infections, stones, tumours and other inflammatory processes. Any new lumps in the parotid or sub-mandibular glands should be reviewed by an ENT specialist with an interest in Head and Neck cancer.
Thyroid gland disease
Most thyroid masses are benign, however, the incidence of thyroid cancer is rising. If you feel a lump in your thyroid gland then it is important to have a thyroid ultrasound to assess the nature of the lump.
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